What is Legal Custody of a Child?
Legal custody is the right to make certain major decisions about your child’s upbringing.
- Where your child goes to school.
- Your child’s healthcare and medical treatments.
- Which religion your child follows.
- Your child’s extracurricular activities.
- Other major decisions in your child’s life.
Joint legal custody means that both you and the other parent equally share the right and responsibility to make these decisions about your child. If you have joint legal custody you are going to need to consult with each other before you make any of these important decisions. But if one of you has sole legal custody, you will have the legal right to make these decisions on your own. The court may award joint legal custody without awarding joint physical custody.
What is Physical Custody?
Physical custody is just that. It is who physically has custody of the child. The parent with physical custody is responsible for the child’s day-to-day care. The default is joint physical custody. If one parent wants primary custody or sole custody, the court must conduct an investigation. Here are the main types:
Joint physical custody: Joint physical custody means your child spends a significant amount of time with each parent. But it doesn’t necessarily mean an even 50/50 split. It just means that your child has frequent and continuing contact with both of their parents. Each parent must have at least 146 days of custody a year for the custody schedule to be considered joint.
Primary physical custody: Primary physical custody means one parent has been appointed the “custodial parent,” and the child primarily lives with that parent. The other parent then becomes the “non-custodial parent,” and they have visitation rights. If you can demonstrate that joint custody is not in the child's best interest, the court may give you primary physical custody and grant visitation rights to the other. And if a parent is deemed unfit, they may lose custody altogether.
Sole physical custody: Sole physical custody means one parent is awarded sole custody and the child only lives with that parent. The other parent may have limited, supervised, or no visitation rights. Sole physical custody is rare, but it is sometimes necessary when a parent is deemed unfit. The Nevada Court in Roe v. Roe decided the factors for awarding a parent sole custody.